2012年ESMO支气管与胸腺癌临床诊治、随访指南

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung comprise a heterogeneous population of tumors ranging from welldifferentiated bronchial NETs to highly malignant and poorly differentiated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). The incidence of pulmonary NETs is low, although reported to have increased over the past 30 years. This is mainly due to improved detection methods and diagnostic protocols. Of all NETs ～25% are located in the respiratory tract. Typical carcinoids (TCs) comprise ～1%–2% and atypical carcinoids (ACs) only 0.1%–0.2% of pulmonary neoplasms. According to the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program (SEER) database from 2003, the combined incidence has been 1.57/100 000 inhabitants. SCLC is the most common bronchial NET reported to account for 15%–20% of invasive lung cancers. LCNEC comprise 1.6%–3% of resectable lung cancers. The prevalence of thymic NET is ～3% of the total number of NETs at all sites. In the last SEER database, a reported
incidence of thymic NETs is 0.02/100 000 population per year. They constitute ～5% of all thymic tumors. Both bronchial and thymic NETs may be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN-1, 5%–15%). The median age at diagnosis for bronchial NETs is 64 years and for thymic NETs
59 years. This review is restricted to typical/atypical NETs and thymic NETs.